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| Florence - 04-September-1260 : The Sienese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeats the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti.
- 11-June-1289 : The Italian Guelph and Ghibelline factions fight in the Battle of Campaldino; the Guelph victory secures their position of power in Florence.
- 08-September-1504 : Michelangelo's sculpture of ''David'' is erected in Florence.
- 16-May-1527 : In Florence, the Piagnon, a group devoted to the memory of Girolamo Savonarola, drive out the Medici for a second time, and Florence rereestablishes a republic that lasts until 1530.
- 03-August-1530 : Battle of Gavinana: Florence is captured by Spanish troops under Prince Philibert of Orange. the pigin(followers of the memory of Girolamo Savonarola) are overthrown and the Medici are restored, in the person of the Pope's nephew Alessandro de Medici.
- 02-August-1554 : Battle of Marciano: SeneseSeneseFrench forces are defeated by the FlorentineFlorentineImperial army.
- 17-April-1555 : After 18 months of siege, Siena surrenders to the FlorentineFlorentineImperial army.
- 06-October-1600 : Jacopo Peri's ''Euridice'', the earliest surviving opera, is premiered in Florence.
- 04-November-1904 : In Florence, Italy, the Arno River floods.{{Factfloods.{{FactdateJune 2008}}
- 04-November-1966 : The Arno river floods Florence, damaging many art treasures.
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