Jew

• 19-June-1269 : King Louis IX of France orders all Jews found in public without an identifying yellow badge to be fined ten livres of silver.
• 18-July-1290 : King Edward I of England banishes all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England; on the Hebrew calendar this is Tisha B'Av, a day that commemorates many calamities.
• 20-April-1657 : The Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York City) are granted freedom of religion as full citizens.<ref nameJMamsterdam> "The Land of the 'Free'? 165016501699" (timeline), webpage: members.aol.com/wdwylie6/1650members.aol.com/wdwylie6/16501699.htm. </ref>
• 05-May-1809 : The Swiss canton of Aargau denies Jews citizenship.
• 13-October-1843 : Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the , opens in Copenhagen, Denmark. In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found ''B'nai B'rith'' (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
• 17-May-1855 : The Mount Sinai Hospital is dedicated (as the Jews' Hospital) in New York City; it opens to patients on June 5.
• 23-June-1858 : Police of the Papal States seize Jewish boy Edgardo Mortara and take him away to be raised as a Catholic.
• 17-August-1915 : Jewish American Leo Frank is lynched for the alleged murder of a 1313yearyearold girl in Atlanta, Georgia.
• 05-December-1919 : The Turkish Ministry of War releases Greeks, Armenians and Jews from military service.
• 04-April-1920 : Jerusalem pogrom of April, 1920: Violence erupts between Arabic and Jewish residents in Jerusalem; the governor declares a state of siege.